在 ClickHouse Managed Postgres 中使用 FastAPI 和 SQLAlchemy

# The app connects through PgBouncer (port 6432)
DATABASE_URL="postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:<PASSWORD>@your-instance.pg.clickhouse.cloud:6432/guide_fastapi"
# Alembic migrations connect directly to Postgres (port 5432)
DIRECT_DATABASE_URL="postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:<PASSWORD>@your-instance.pg.clickhouse.cloud:5432/guide_fastapi"
DATABASE_CA_CERT="ca-certificate.pem"

import os
import ssl

from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase


def ssl_context() -> ssl.SSLContext:
    # Verifies the certificate chain against your instance's CA and checks the hostname
    context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
    context.load_verify_locations(os.environ["DATABASE_CA_CERT"])
    return context


# The app uses the PgBouncer connection (port 6432)
engine = create_async_engine(
    os.environ["DATABASE_URL"],
    connect_args={"ssl": ssl_context()},
)
SessionLocal = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)


class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass

from datetime import datetime

from sqlalchemy import DateTime, func
from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column

from app.db import Base


class Todo(Base):
    __tablename__ = "todos"

    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    title: Mapped[str]
    done: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=False)
    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now()
    )

import asyncio
import os
from logging.config import fileConfig

from alembic import context
from sqlalchemy import pool
from sqlalchemy.engine import Connection
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine

import app.models  # noqa: F401 (registers the models on Base.metadata)
from app.db import Base, ssl_context

config = context.config
if config.config_file_name is not None:
    fileConfig(config.config_file_name)

target_metadata = Base.metadata


def do_run_migrations(connection: Connection) -> None:
    context.configure(connection=connection, target_metadata=target_metadata)
    with context.begin_transaction():
        context.run_migrations()


async def run_migrations() -> None:
    # Migrations use the direct connection (port 5432)
    engine = create_async_engine(
        os.environ["DIRECT_DATABASE_URL"],
        poolclass=pool.NullPool,
        connect_args={"ssl": ssl_context()},
    )
    async with engine.connect() as connection:
        await connection.run_sync(do_run_migrations)
    await engine.dispose()


asyncio.run(run_migrations())

from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
from sqlalchemy import select
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession

from app.db import SessionLocal, engine
from app.models import Todo


@asynccontextmanager
async def lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncIterator[None]:
    yield
    await engine.dispose()


app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)


async def get_session() -> AsyncIterator[AsyncSession]:
    async with SessionLocal() as session:
        yield session


Session = Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_session)]


class TodoCreate(BaseModel):
    title: str


class TodoUpdate(BaseModel):
    title: str | None = None
    done: bool | None = None


class TodoOut(BaseModel):
    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)

    id: int
    title: str
    done: bool
    created_at: datetime


async def get_todo_or_404(session: AsyncSession, todo_id: int) -> Todo:
    todo = await session.get(Todo, todo_id)
    if todo is None:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Todo not found")
    return todo


@app.get("/todos", response_model=list[TodoOut])
async def list_todos(session: Session):
    result = await session.scalars(select(Todo).order_by(Todo.id))
    return result.all()


@app.post("/todos", response_model=TodoOut, status_code=201)
async def create_todo(body: TodoCreate, session: Session):
    todo = Todo(title=body.title)
    session.add(todo)
    await session.commit()
    return todo


@app.get("/todos/{todo_id}", response_model=TodoOut)
async def read_todo(todo_id: int, session: Session):
    return await get_todo_or_404(session, todo_id)


@app.patch("/todos/{todo_id}", response_model=TodoOut)
async def update_todo(todo_id: int, body: TodoUpdate, session: Session):
    todo = await get_todo_or_404(session, todo_id)
    for field, value in body.model_dump(exclude_unset=True).items():
        setattr(todo, field, value)
    await session.commit()
    return todo


@app.delete("/todos/{todo_id}", status_code=204)
async def delete_todo(todo_id: int, session: Session) -> None:
    await session.delete(await get_todo_or_404(session, todo_id))
    await session.commit()